Laser eye surgery, including LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) and PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), is a widely used procedure to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. While it offers significant benefits, including reduced dependence on glasses and contact lenses, it also carries potential risks. Understanding these risks can help individuals make an informed decision before undergoing the procedure.
1. Dry Eyes
Many patients experience dry eyes after laser eye surgery, as the procedure can temporarily reduce tear production. This can lead to discomfort, burning, and blurry vision. While symptoms often improve within a few months, some individuals may Cataract surgery develop long-term dryness requiring ongoing treatment with artificial tears or medicated eye drops.
2. Under- or Overcorrection
The goal of laser eye surgery is to reshape the cornea for optimal vision, but sometimes the procedure may remove too much or too little corneal tissue. Undercorrection may leave a patient still needing glasses, while overcorrection can result in new vision difficulties. Some individuals may require a follow-up procedure, known as an enhancement, to fine-tune their results.
3. Glare, Halos, and Night Vision Issues
Some patients experience visual disturbances such as glare, halos, or starbursts around lights, particularly at night. This can make activities like driving in low-light conditions challenging. While these effects typically fade over time, they can persist in certain individuals, especially those with large pupils or high prescriptions before surgery.
4. Flap Complications (LASIK-Specific Risk)
In LASIK surgery, a thin flap is created in the cornea, which is then lifted for laser treatment. If the flap does not heal properly or becomes displaced due to trauma, complications such as infection, inflammation, or irregular healing can occur. Following post-operative care instructions, such as avoiding eye rubbing, can help reduce the risk of flap-related problems.
5. Corneal Ectasia
Corneal ectasia is a rare but serious complication where the cornea weakens and bulges, leading to distorted vision. This condition can develop months or years after surgery, particularly in individuals with underlying corneal issues. In severe cases, specialized contact lenses or even a corneal transplant may be needed to manage the condition.
6. Regression of Vision
In some cases, vision improvements achieved through laser surgery may gradually decline over time. This is known as regression and can happen due to natural changes in the eyes or incomplete correction during the procedure. If significant vision regression occurs, glasses, contact lenses, or additional corrective procedures may be required.
7. Infection and Inflammation
Although rare, infections and inflammation can develop after laser eye surgery. Symptoms such as pain, redness, and reduced vision require immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications. Post-operative care, including the use of prescribed eye drops, is crucial in minimizing these risks.
While laser eye surgery has transformed vision correction for many people, it is not without risks. Potential complications like dry eyes, visual disturbances, undercorrection, or more severe conditions such as corneal ectasia highlight the importance of careful consideration. Consulting a qualified eye surgeon and undergoing a thorough eye evaluation can help determine if laser eye surgery is the right choice based on individual eye health and lifestyle needs.